Raised in Scotland and then Cornwall, Robert Shaw was drawn to acting and writing from his youth. Shaw trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. In 1949 he debuted onstage at the Shakespeare Memorial Theater at Stratford-on-Avon. From 1951 he appeared in British and (later) American films as a character actor, frequently playing heavies. He became better known internationally after appearing in the James Bond movie From Russia with Love (1963), and he received a "Best Supporting Actor" Oscar nomination for his portrayal of Henry VIII in A Man for All Seasons. (1966). In the mid '70s he suddenly became a highly paid star after his appearances in several blockbuster movies, including The Sting (1973), Jaws (1975), and The Deep (1977). He wrote a play and several novels, including The Man in the Glass Booth (1967), which he adapted into a play; it was successful in both London and New York, and in 1975 was made into a film. His novel The Hiding Place (1959) was the source material for the screen comedy Situation Hopeless — But Not Serious (1965). He died of a heart attack at age 51. His second wife (of three) was actress Mary Ure.